IP Restriction

The ip-restriction plugin restricts access to upstream resources based on an IP address whitelist or blacklist, improving API security.

The ip-restriction plugin supports restricting access to upstream resources by IP addresses, through either configuring a whitelist or blacklist of IP addresses. Restricting IP to resources helps prevent unauthorized access and harden API security.

Examples

The examples below demonstrate how you can configure the ip-restriction plugin for different scenarios.

Restrict Access by Whitelisting

The following example demonstrates how you can whitelist a list of IP addresses that should have access to the upstream resource and customize the error message for access denial.

Create a route with the ip-restriction plugin as such:

curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes" -X PUT \
  -H "X-API-KEY: ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \
  -d '{
    "id": "ip-restriction-route",
    "uri": "/anything",
    "plugins": {
      "ip-restriction": {
        "whitelist": [
          "192.168.0.1/24"
        ],
        "message": "Access denied"
      }
    },
    "upstream": {
      "type": "roundrobin",
      "nodes": {
        "httpbin.org:80": 1
      }
    }
  }'

adc.yaml

services:
  - name: ip-restriction-service
    routes:
      - name: ip-restriction-route
        uris:
          - /anything
        plugins:
          ip-restriction:
            whitelist:
              - "192.168.0.1/24"
            message: "Access denied"
    upstream:
      type: roundrobin
      nodes:
        - host: httpbin.org
          port: 80
          weight: 1

Synchronize the configuration to the gateway:

adc sync -f adc.yaml

Client IP with kubectl port-forward

When testing locally with kubectl port-forward, APISIX sees 127.0.0.1 as the client IP regardless of your machine's actual IP address. Make sure your whitelist or blacklist includes 127.0.0.1 when testing in this setup. In production with a NodePort or LoadBalancer service, APISIX receives the actual client IP.

ip-restriction-ic.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  namespace: aic
  name: httpbin-external-domain
spec:
  type: ExternalName
  externalName: httpbin.org
---
apiVersion: apisix.apache.org/v1alpha1
kind: PluginConfig
metadata:
  namespace: aic
  name: ip-restriction-plugin-config
spec:
  plugins:
    - name: ip-restriction
      config:
        whitelist:
          - "192.168.0.1/24"
        message: "Access denied"
---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
  namespace: aic
  name: ip-restriction-route
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: apisix
  rules:
    - matches:
        - path:
            type: Exact
            value: /anything
      filters:
        - type: ExtensionRef
          extensionRef:
            group: apisix.apache.org
            kind: PluginConfig
            name: ip-restriction-plugin-config
      backendRefs:
        - name: httpbin-external-domain
          port: 80

Apply the configuration to your cluster:

kubectl apply -f ip-restriction-ic.yaml

ip-restriction-ic.yaml

apiVersion: apisix.apache.org/v2
kind: ApisixUpstream
metadata:
  namespace: aic
  name: httpbin-external-domain
spec:
  ingressClassName: apisix
  externalNodes:
  - type: Domain
    name: httpbin.org
---
apiVersion: apisix.apache.org/v2
kind: ApisixRoute
metadata:
  namespace: aic
  name: ip-restriction-route
spec:
  ingressClassName: apisix
  http:
    - name: ip-restriction-route
      match:
        paths:
          - /anything
      upstreams:
      - name: httpbin-external-domain
      plugins:
      - name: ip-restriction
        enable: true
        config:
          whitelist:
            - "192.168.0.1/24"
          message: "Access denied"

Apply the configuration to your cluster:

kubectl apply -f ip-restriction-ic.yaml

❶ Replace with the IP addresses you would like to whitelist.

❷ Customize the error message for when the access is denied.

Send a request to the route:

curl -i "http://127.0.0.1:9080/anything"

If your IP is allowed, you should receive an HTTP/1.1 200 OK response. If not, you should receive an HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden response with the following error message:

{"message":"Access denied"}

Restrict Access Using Modified IP

The following example demonstrates how you can modify the IP used for IP restriction, using the real-ip plugin. This is particularly useful if APISIX is behind a reverse proxy and the real client IP is not available to APISIX.

Create a route as follows:

curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes" -X PUT \
  -H "X-API-KEY: ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \
  -d '{
    "id": "ip-restriction-route",
    "uri": "/anything",
    "plugins": {
      "ip-restriction": {
        "whitelist": [
          "192.168.1.241"
        ]
      },
      "real-ip": {
        "source": "arg_realip"
      }
    },
    "upstream": {
      "type": "roundrobin",
      "nodes": {
      "httpbin.org:80": 1
      }
    }
  }'

❶ Obtain client IP address from the URL parameter realip using the built-in variables.

adc.yaml

services:
  - name: ip-restriction-service
    routes:
      - name: ip-restriction-route
        uris:
          - /anything
        plugins:
          ip-restriction:
            whitelist:
              - "192.168.1.241"
          real-ip:
            source: arg_realip
    upstream:
      type: roundrobin
      nodes:
        - host: httpbin.org
          port: 80
          weight: 1

❶ Obtain client IP address from the URL parameter realip using the built-in variables.

Synchronize the configuration to the gateway:

adc sync -f adc.yaml

ip-restriction-ic.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  namespace: aic
  name: httpbin-external-domain
spec:
  type: ExternalName
  externalName: httpbin.org
---
apiVersion: apisix.apache.org/v1alpha1
kind: PluginConfig
metadata:
  namespace: aic
  name: ip-restriction-realip-plugin-config
spec:
  plugins:
    - name: ip-restriction
      config:
        whitelist:
          - "192.168.1.241"
    - name: real-ip
      config:
        source: arg_realip
---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
  namespace: aic
  name: ip-restriction-route
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: apisix
  rules:
    - matches:
        - path:
            type: Exact
            value: /anything
      filters:
        - type: ExtensionRef
          extensionRef:
            group: apisix.apache.org
            kind: PluginConfig
            name: ip-restriction-realip-plugin-config
      backendRefs:
        - name: httpbin-external-domain
          port: 80

ip-restriction-ic.yaml

apiVersion: apisix.apache.org/v2
kind: ApisixUpstream
metadata:
  namespace: aic
  name: httpbin-external-domain
spec:
  ingressClassName: apisix
  externalNodes:
  - type: Domain
    name: httpbin.org
---
apiVersion: apisix.apache.org/v2
kind: ApisixRoute
metadata:
  namespace: aic
  name: ip-restriction-route
spec:
  ingressClassName: apisix
  http:
    - name: ip-restriction-route
      match:
        paths:
          - /anything
      upstreams:
      - name: httpbin-external-domain
      plugins:
      - name: ip-restriction
        enable: true
        config:
          whitelist:
            - "192.168.1.241"
      - name: real-ip
        enable: true
        config:
          source: arg_realip

❶ Obtain client IP address from the URL parameter realip using the built-in variables.

Apply the configuration to your cluster:

kubectl apply -f ip-restriction-ic.yaml

Send a request to the route:

curl -i "http://127.0.0.1:9080/anything?realip=192.168.1.241"

You should receive an HTTP/1.1 200 OK response.

Send another request with a different IP address:

curl -i "http://127.0.0.1:9080/anything?realip=192.168.10.24"

You should receive an HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden response.